EBM Pyramid d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong y h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i khi leo l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai l\u1ec7ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u (bias) g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3.^{1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}

Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1\u201d cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay ch\u01b0a,…. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u1ecbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\" — Th\u00e1p Y h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng \u2013 EBM Pyramid and EBM Generator (2006)^{2<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u00e0n d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng n\u1eefa, ch\u1ecb b\u1eaft tay lu\u00f4n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a EBM Pyramid t\u1eeb b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia: (Background Information\/Expert Opinion)<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u1eadp san y h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn (editorial), commentary (b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 review (t\u1ed5ng quan).^{3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Expert Opinion) n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u0103ng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, th\u00f3i quen \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u200b\u200bho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\nFamily Physicians Inquiries Network: Clinical Inquiries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Harrison, T. R., & Fauci, A. S. (2009). Harrison’s Manual of Medicine<\/em>. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medscape: Drugs & Diseases<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i EBM Pyramid, sau b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia, s\u1ebd chia th\u00e0nh 2 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: unfiltered information<\/strong><\/em> v\u00e0 Filtered information<\/strong><\/em><\/p>
Unfiltered information <\/strong>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em>, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (primary data)<\/em><\/p>
Filtered information<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, x\u1eed l\u00fd data m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n data m\u1edbi (secondary data). <\/em><\/p>
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, BMJ Clincial Evidence, and ACP Journal Club.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Unfiltered information:<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/Chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh\/Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng (Case \u2013 controlled Studies\/Case Series\/Reports)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/Chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh: <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nTrong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp san y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c ca, chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng y v\u0103n kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t\/giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/chu\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc cao v\u00ec t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (b\u1ec7nh) sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft (c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>) v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/strong> xem nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng nghi\u201d c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ecb d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em><\/strong> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cg\u00e2y ra\u201d<\/em><\/strong> n\u00ean t\u1ee5i em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n r\u1ed3i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i (tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 (Cohort studies)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecdc\/theo th\u1eddi gian (longitudinal) ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc (epidemiological). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 \u0111i t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u (retrospective) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u (prospective).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00f9, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ecb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5i em d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7: <\/p>\n\n\n\nPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u2013 RCT (The Randomized Control Trial)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a EBM Pyramid \u2013 Th\u1eed ngi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p (experimental) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u RCT m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u2013 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bias v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Filtered information<\/em> <\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>TH\u00d4NG TIN (NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U) \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C L\u1eccC:<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t^{4<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> (Critically appraised articles)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/em> \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi) sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n}EvidenceAlerts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
ACP Journal Club<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evidence-Based Nursing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (Critically appraised topics) ^{4<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Critically appraised topics <\/strong>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nAnnual Reviews<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Guideline Central<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
JBI EBP Database (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Best BETs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Filtered Resources: Critically-Appraised Topics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:^{5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n a. \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u00e0
b. \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong> (meta \u2013 analysis) <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn chung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1eadc systematic review trong EBM Pyramid bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 systematic reviews (t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 meta \u2013 analysis (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p). <\/strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Systematic review<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\u201d t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m, nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3^{4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Meta \u2013 analysis<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201csystematic review\u201d<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d^{4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c Critically appraised topics, Critically appraised articles v\u00e0 the systematic reviews<\/strong> n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1eadc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m systematic reviews (t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) <\/strong>v\u00e0 meta \u2013 analysis (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p).<\/strong> Trong y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a RCT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/em>7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em>
<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nCochrane Library<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
JBI EBP Database (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i l\u00e0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecb vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Do \u0111\u00f3, sau b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\nC\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc theo phong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean (ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/a><\/blockquote><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ee5i em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngay xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Methods) \u0111\u1ec3 xem nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c xem lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u2026. s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\" style=\"border-color:#cf2e2e\"><blockquote class=\"has-text-color has-black-color\"><p><em><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Hoffman, T., Bennett, S., & Del Mar, C. (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au\/lib\/canberra\/detail.action?docID=1723507\"><em>Evidence-Based Practice: Across the Health Professions<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>(2nd ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier.<\/li><li>Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, et al.\u00a0<em>Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM<\/em>. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.)<\/li><li>Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tu\u1ea5n (2020). S\u00e1ch Y H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li><li>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/library\/healthevidence\/evidencepyramid#s-lg-box-wrapper-10260506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/library\/healthevidence\/evidencepyramid#s-lg-box-wrapper-10260506<\/a><\/li><li>\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea1nh, Phan Quang Kh\u1ea3i, Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u1ea7n Thu Trang (2020). <em>S\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Y h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang, <\/em>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Thanh Ni\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=4149721\">https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=41497<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=4149721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a><\/li><li> M Hassan Murad et al. Evid Based Med 2016;21:125-127<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>DISCLOSURE:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p><em>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Vui l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p th\u00f4ng tin khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library.<\/em><\/p><p><em>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c L\u1eddi nh\u1eafn g\u1edfi. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library r\u1ea5t h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, g\u00f3p \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng! Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Dinh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1p nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Maslow. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"WB4WB4WP_MODE":"","WB4WP_PAGE_SCRIPTS":"","WB4WP_PAGE_STYLES":"","WB4WP_PAGE_FONTS":"","WB4WP_PAGE_HEADER":"","WB4WP_PAGE_FOOTER":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc theo phong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean (ph\u1ea7n 2) – Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. 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\"\" — Th\u00e1p Y h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng \u2013 EBM Pyramid and EBM Generator (2006)^{2<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u00e0n d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng n\u1eefa, ch\u1ecb b\u1eaft tay lu\u00f4n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a EBM Pyramid t\u1eeb b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia: (Background Information\/Expert Opinion)<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u1eadp san y h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn (editorial), commentary (b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 review (t\u1ed5ng quan).^{3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Expert Opinion) n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u0103ng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, th\u00f3i quen \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u200b\u200bho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\nFamily Physicians Inquiries Network: Clinical Inquiries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Harrison, T. R., & Fauci, A. S. (2009). Harrison’s Manual of Medicine<\/em>. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medscape: Drugs & Diseases<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i EBM Pyramid, sau b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia, s\u1ebd chia th\u00e0nh 2 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: unfiltered information<\/strong><\/em> v\u00e0 Filtered information<\/strong><\/em><\/p>
Unfiltered information <\/strong>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em>, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em> m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (primary data)<\/em><\/p>
Filtered information<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, x\u1eed l\u00fd data m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n data m\u1edbi (secondary data). <\/em><\/p>
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, BMJ Clincial Evidence, and ACP Journal Club.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Unfiltered information:<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/Chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh\/Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng (Case \u2013 controlled Studies\/Case Series\/Reports)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/Chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh: <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nTrong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp san y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c ca, chu\u1ed7i ca b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng y v\u0103n kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t\/giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca\/chu\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc cao v\u00ec t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (b\u1ec7nh) sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft (c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>) v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/strong> xem nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng nghi\u201d c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ecb d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/em><\/strong> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cg\u00e2y ra\u201d<\/em><\/strong> n\u00ean t\u1ee5i em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n r\u1ed3i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i (tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 (Cohort studies)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecdc\/theo th\u1eddi gian (longitudinal) ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc (epidemiological). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 \u0111i t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 h\u1ed3i c\u1ee9u (retrospective) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u (prospective).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00f9, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ecb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5i em d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7: <\/p>\n\n\n\nPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u2013 RCT (The Randomized Control Trial)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a EBM Pyramid \u2013 Th\u1eed ngi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p (experimental) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u RCT m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u2013 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bias v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCINAHL Plus with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEDLINE with Full Text<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PubMed.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Filtered information<\/em> <\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>TH\u00d4NG TIN (NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U) \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C L\u1eccC:<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t^{4<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> (Critically appraised articles)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/em> \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi) sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n}EvidenceAlerts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
ACP Journal Club<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evidence-Based Nursing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (Critically appraised topics) ^{4<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Critically appraised topics <\/strong>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nAnnual Reviews<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Guideline Central<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
JBI EBP Database (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Best BETs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Filtered Resources: Critically-Appraised Topics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:^{5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n a. \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u00e0
b. \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong> (meta \u2013 analysis) <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn chung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1eadc systematic review trong EBM Pyramid bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 systematic reviews (t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 meta \u2013 analysis (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p). <\/strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Systematic review<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\u201d t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m, nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3^{4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Meta \u2013 analysis<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201csystematic review\u201d<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d^{4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c Critically appraised topics, Critically appraised articles v\u00e0 the systematic reviews<\/strong> n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1eadc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m systematic reviews (t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) <\/strong>v\u00e0 meta \u2013 analysis (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\/ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p).<\/strong> Trong y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a RCT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/em>7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em>
<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nCochrane Library<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
JBI EBP Database (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i l\u00e0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecb vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Do \u0111\u00f3, sau b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\nC\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc theo phong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean (ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/a><\/blockquote><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ee5i em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngay xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Methods) \u0111\u1ec3 xem nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c xem lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u2026. s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\" style=\"border-color:#cf2e2e\"><blockquote class=\"has-text-color has-black-color\"><p><em><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Hoffman, T., Bennett, S., & Del Mar, C. (2013).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au\/lib\/canberra\/detail.action?docID=1723507\"><em>Evidence-Based Practice: Across the Health Professions<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>(2nd ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier.<\/li><li>Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, et al.\u00a0<em>Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM<\/em>. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.)<\/li><li>Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tu\u1ea5n (2020). S\u00e1ch Y H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/li><li>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/library\/healthevidence\/evidencepyramid#s-lg-box-wrapper-10260506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/library\/healthevidence\/evidencepyramid#s-lg-box-wrapper-10260506<\/a><\/li><li>\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea1nh, Phan Quang Kh\u1ea3i, Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u1ea7n Thu Trang (2020). <em>S\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Y h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang, <\/em>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Thanh Ni\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=4149721\">https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=41497<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599346&p=4149721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a><\/li><li> M Hassan Murad et al. Evid Based Med 2016;21:125-127<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>DISCLOSURE:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p><em>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Vui l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p th\u00f4ng tin khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library.<\/em><\/p><p><em>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c L\u1eddi nh\u1eafn g\u1edfi. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library r\u1ea5t h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, g\u00f3p \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng! Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Dinh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1p nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Maslow. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"WB4WB4WP_MODE":"","WB4WP_PAGE_SCRIPTS":"","WB4WP_PAGE_STYLES":"","WB4WP_PAGE_FONTS":"","WB4WP_PAGE_HEADER":"","WB4WP_PAGE_FOOTER":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc theo phong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean (ph\u1ea7n 2) – Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. 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